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2025 - 2026 ARRT BOARD EXAM TESTBANK|ACTUAL
900+ Qs&As|ALREADY GRADED A+
What is the TD 5/5 for the kidney? - ANS:->>>23 Gy What would a QA level 1 action item require? - ANS:->>>Inspection, but treatment can continue What is the backscatter factor at the level of Dmax? - ANS:->>>Tissue Air Ratio (TAR) What technique can be used to accomplish forced shallow breathing? - ANS:-
Gating What are the parts of the oral cavity? - ANS:->>>Floor of the mouth, retromolar trigone, gingiva, anterior 2/3 of tongue, hard palate What is the tolerance for gantry & collimator angle indicators? - ANS:->>>1.0˚ What does T1b glottic cancer involve according to the AJCC staging system?
- ANS:->>>Both vocal cords What is the most common breast cancer diagnosis? - ANS:->>>Invasive infiltrating ductal carcinoma When a patient is treated with an SAD of 12 cm, what would the SSD be? - ANS:->>>88 cm
What is the single most effective way of preventing the spread of infection? - ANS:->>>Washing han ds What is the most common dose-limiting toxicity for chemotherapeutic drugs? - ANS:->>>Myelosuppresion What is the most common form of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma? - ANS: -
Mycosis fungoides What is the TD 5/5 for the whole liver? - ANS:->>>30 Gy What must a treatment prescription contain? - ANS:->>>Total dose, daily dose, orientation of treatment fields, fractionation scheme, beam energy, beam-modifying devices, anatomic site, treatment technique Which phase after total body exposure to radiation is characterized by having no symptoms? - ANS:->>>Latent phase What is a general characteristic of well- differentiated tumors? - ANS:- Benign Which primary diagnosis indicates prophylactic cranial irradiation? - ANS:- Small cell carcinoma What is used to prevent a hot spot at the junction of two treatment fields with a small hinge angle? - ANS:->>>Wedge What is a near miss in radiation therapy treatment delivery? - ANS:->>>A harmful event that was caught prior to the delivery of treatment
Which acute effect will result from a total body exposure to a dose of more than 10 Gy? - ANS:->>>GI syndrome What happens to the PDD curve as the field size increases? - ANS:->>>It increases Of what is the JRCERT an example? - ANS:->>>Accrediting body If an orthogonal pair is taken with the first angle at 215˚, what would the second angle be? - ANS:->>>305˚ Of what does a patient presenting with petechiae have signs? - ANS:-
Bleeding How do radiolucent contrast agents appear on radiographs? - ANS:->>>Dark What is the most commonly involved lymph node in individuals with nasal cavity & paranasal sinus cancer? - ANS:->>>Submandibular node What is an example of a sterile procedure? - ANS:->>>The insertion of a urinary catheter What is the most common side effect of patients being treated with EBRT to the vagina? - ANS:->>>Dyspareunia When reviewing a transverse slice, what directional terms orient the image? - ANS:->>>Anterior/posterior & right/left
What does it mean when a surgical report indicates the presence of positive margins? - ANS:->>>There is disease remaining What is a common screening technique for prostate cancer? - ANS:->>>Digital rectal exam What is the most radiosensitive stage of gestation? - ANS:->>>Preimplantation What defines clinically significant weight loss? - ANS:->>>A patient losing 10% or more of their body weight Which plane divides the body into anterior & posterior portions? - ANS:-
Coronal plane How should the table be moved if a field needs to be shifted 1 cm posteriorly? - ANS:->>>1 cm anteriorly How can tongue immobilization be accomplished? - ANS:->>>Cork What is the radiation protection quality factor for x-rays? - ANS:->>> When will patients begin to experience epilation? - ANS:->>>After an initial dose of 2000 cGy What is a keloid? - ANS:->>>Scar overgrowth What is thrombocytopenia? - ANS:->>>A condition in which the patient has a reduced number of platelets
How would a medication that needs to be taken four times a day be marked? - ANS:->>>QID What is an etiological factor associated with anal canal cancer? - ANS:-
HPV What is the equivalent square of an 8 cm x 13 cm field? - ANS:->>>9.9 cm To what is 1 J/Kg equal? - ANS:->>>100 J/g What type of interaction occurs when an incident photon transfers all of its energy to an inner shell electron? - ANS:->>>Photoelectric effect What is the most common type of bladder cancer? - ANS:- Transitional cell carcinoma What are the energy values for Cobalt-60 decay? - ANS:->>>1.17 MeV & 1. MeV How is tumor grade determined? - ANS:->>>Differentiation Where is the field size defined when treating a patient using the SSD? - ANS:- At mid-plane or at the patient's skin For which suspected primary diagnosis should a patient presenting with
Coronal plane How should the table be moved if a field needs to be shifted 1 cm posteriorly? - ANS:->>>1 cm anteriorly How can tongue immobilization be accomplished? - ANS:->>>Cork What is the radiation protection quality factor for x-rays? - ANS:->>> When will patients begin to experience epilation? - ANS:->>>After an initial dose of 2000 cGy What is a keloid? - ANS:->>>Scar overgrowth What is thrombocytopenia? - ANS:->>>A condition in which the patient has a reduced number of platelets How would a medication that needs to be taken four times a day be marked? - ANS:->>>QID What is an etiological factor associated with anal canal cancer? - ANS:- >>>HPV What is the equivalent square of an 8 cm x 13 cm field? - ANS:->>>9.9 cm To what is 1 J/Kg equal? - ANS:->>>100 J/g What type of interaction occurs when an incident photon transfers all of its energy to an inner shell electron? - ANS:->>>Photoelectric effect What is the most common type of bladder cancer? - ANS:- >>>Transitional cell carcinoma What are the energy values for Cobalt-60 decay? - ANS:->>>1.17 MeV & 1. MeV How is tumor grade determined? - ANS:->>>Differentiation Where is the field size defined when treating a patient using the SSD? - ANS:- >>>At mid-plane or at the patient's skin For which suspected primary diagnosis should a patient presenting with unilateral hearing loss & an enlarged cervical lymph node be evaluated? - ANS:->>>Nasopharyngeal What type of shock is caused by sepsis, deep anesthesia, or administration of
contrast media? - ANS:->>>Vasogenic shock What materials are used to make cerrobend blocks? - ANS:->>>Bismuth, lead, tin, cadmium As the treatment volume increases, what happens to tolerance doses? - ANS:-
Decrease If an object is 7 cm in real life, but 8.2 cm on film, what is the magnification factor?
- ANS:->>>1. What type of chemotherapy is 5 - FU? - ANS:->>>Antimetabolite If 215 MUs will be delivered during a 315˚ arc, how many MUs per degree will be delivered? - ANS:->>>0.68 MU/degree What is the limit of radiation exposure to the embryo/fetus once women declare pregnancy? - ANS:->>>0.5 mSv A whole body dose of 100 - 1000 cGy would cause symptoms from which syndrome? - ANS:->>>Hematopoietic What are the three major pathways of lymphatic drainage of the breast? - ANS:->>>Internal mammary, transpectoral, & axillary Why does the intensity of a photon beam decrease rapidly with increasing distance? - ANS:->>>Inverse square law
should occur twice a day Which organization is responsible for establishing suggested dose limits for safe practices within the United States?
- ANS:->>>National Council on Radiation Protection & Measurements
(NCRP)
What can be used to identify patients for treatment? - ANS:->>>Verbal confirmation, photo ID, wrist band What is an external landmark often used when setting up whole brain treatments?
- ANS:->>>The external acoustic meatus
What type of tumor is a pituitary adenoma? - ANS:->>>Benign To what depth are supraclavicular lymph nodes treated? - ANS:->>>3 cm Myelopathy is a result of which part of the body receiving more than its tolerance dose? - ANS:->>>Spinal cord What do Hounsfield units measure? - ANS:->>>Attenuation What is included in colorectal cancer screening? - ANS:->>>A fecal occult blood test (FOBT) What are tumors that arise from the mesenchymal cells? - ANS:->>>Sarcomas After what dose may permanent azoospermia occur in men being treated for
testicular cancer? - ANS:->>>2 to 3 Gy For what disease is the Ann Arbor staging system used? - ANS:->>>Hodgkin's disease On what is PDD curve dependent? - ANS:->>>Energy, depth, SSD What is the treatment of choice for NSCLC? - ANS:->>>Radiation therapy
genetic effects follow? - ANS:->>>Linear, non-threshold What is the daily tolerance of the laser & treatment isocenter coincidence? - ANS:->>>+/- 2 mm During what gestational period does radiation exposure usually affect the nervous system? - ANS:->>>23 to 37 days What type of break in DNA is efficiently repaired & not significant cell kill? - ANS:->>>Single strand What defines the concept that patients are treated as individuals & informed about procedures to facilitate appropriate decisions? - ANS:->>>Autonomy What type of tissue may give rise to rhabdomyosarcoma? - ANS:->>>Skeletal muscle For what types of cancers is brachytherapy commonly used? - ANS:-
Cervical, breast, prostate What is the standard to which the effect of radiation of a test type is
Spinal cord What do Hounsfield units measure? - ANS:->>>Attenuation What is included in colorectal cancer screening? - ANS:->>>A fecal occult blood test (FOBT) What are tumors that arise from the mesenchymal cells? - ANS:->>>Sarcomas After what dose may permanent azoospermia occur in men being treated for testicular cancer? - ANS:->>>2 to 3 Gy For what disease is the Ann Arbor staging system used? - ANS:->>>Hodgkin's disease On what is PDD curve dependent? - ANS:->>>Energy, depth, SSD What is the treatment of choice for NSCLC? - ANS:->>>Radiation therapy genetic effects follow? - ANS:->>>Linear, non-threshold What is the daily tolerance of the laser & treatment isocenter coincidence? - ANS:->>>+/- 2 mm During what gestational period does radiation exposure usually affect the nervous system? - ANS:->>>23 to 37 days What type of break in DNA is efficiently repaired & not significant cell kill? - ANS:->>>Single strand What defines the concept that patients are treated as individuals & informed about procedures to facilitate appropriate decisions? - ANS:->>>Autonomy What type of tissue may give rise to rhabdomyosarcoma? - ANS:->>>Skeletal muscle For what types of cancers is brachytherapy commonly used? - ANS:- >>>Cervical, breast, prostate What is the standard to which the effect of radiation of a test type is compared for RBE? - ANS:->>>250 kV x-ray What is the conventional dose for the treatment of prostate cancer? - ANS:-
7,500 cGy-8,000 cGy
What types of skills are enhanced in therapists with higher emotional intelligence? - ANS:->>>Communication & patient care At what dose does erythema typically occur? - ANS:->>>2,000-3,000 cGy What is a lateral decubitus position? - ANS:->>>The patient is lying on their side What is the most common site for heterotopic bone formation? - ANS:-
Acetabulum Regarding the cell survival curve, what is determined by the final portion of the curve & an expression of the radiosensitivity of the cell? - ANS:->>>D What refers to a two-dimensional image reconstructed from CT data that shows a beam's eye view of the treatment field? - ANS:->>>Digitally reconstructed radiograph 23 to 37 days What type of break in DNA is efficiently repaired & not significant cell kill? - ANS:->>>Single strand What defines the concept that patients are treated as individuals & informed about procedures to facilitate appropriate decisions? - ANS:->>>Autonomy What type of tissue may give rise to rhabdomyosarcoma? - ANS:->>>Skeletal muscle For what types of cancers is brachytherapy commonly used? - ANS:- >>>Cervical, breast, prostate What is the standard to which the effect of radiation of a test type is compared for RBE? - ANS:->>>250 kV x-ray What is the conventional dose for the treatment of prostate cancer? - ANS:- >>>7,500 cGy-8,000 cGy What types of skills are enhanced in therapists with higher emotional intelligence? - ANS:->>>Communication & patient care At what dose does erythema typically occur? - ANS:->>>2,000-3,000 cGy What is a lateral decubitus position? - ANS:->>>The patient is lying on their side What is the most common site for heterotopic bone formation? - ANS:- >>>Acetabulum Regarding the cell survival curve, what is determined by the final portion of the curve & an expression of the radiosensitivity of the cell? - ANS:->>>D What refers to a two-dimensional image reconstructed from CT data that shows a beam's eye view of the treatment field? - ANS:->>>Digitally reconstructed radiograph What is a deliberate act wherein one person threatens to harm another person without consent & the victim perceives that the other has the ability to carry out the threat? - ANS:->>>Assault What is the most common type of radiation therapy used for cancer treatment?
- ANS:->>>External beam radiation What is considered the critical target because its ionization produces the greatest consequence to the cell? - ANS:->>>DNA What describes treatment that combines more than one method? - ANS:-
Multimodality
What doctrine describes how a person is injured through no fault of his/her own?
- ANS:->>>Res ipsa loquitur To what organ does rectal cancer typically spread distantly? - ANS:->>>Liver What is the proper application of light pressure with fingers to the body? - ANS:->>>Palpation What describes the aggressiveness of a tumor based on the degree of differentiation? - ANS:->>>Grading Which cancer of the brain &/or spinal cord is the most likely to seed through the CSF? - ANS:->>>Medulloblastoma The penetration of x-ray through tissue is primarily a function of: - ANS:-
Milliampere-second (mAs) The cricoid cartilage is at which vertebral level? - ANS:->>>C Fractionated SBRT treatments are typically delivered over the course of how many days? - ANS:->>>1 to 5 What is the most anterior lobe of the cerebrum? - ANS:->>>Frontal lobe What is the point in space relative to the treatment machine about which various
components of the linear accelerator rotate? - ANS:->>>Isocenter Which treatment delivery plan uses advanced technology to conform radiation beams to the shape of the tumor? - ANS:->>>IMRT The base of the tongue first spreads to what lymph node? - ANS:-
Jugulodigastric Of what type of treatment is a PA-only treatment field an example? - ANS:- 2D What are some examples of EBRT delivery methods? - ANS:->>>3D conformal, IMRT, SBRT What is the area of the lung where blood vessels & the primary bronchi enter & exit? - ANS:->>>Hilum What are intact breast treatment field borders? - ANS:->>>The superior border is at the edge of the head of the clavicle & the inferior border is 2 cm below the inframammary fold Effects on which type of cells may have a clinical impact? - ANS:->>>Germ In an isodose distribution, what is the point where the dose is set at 100% called? - ANS:->>>Normalization point
What is the equivalent of 1 rem in Sv? - ANS:->>>0.01 Sv What is the normal range of WBCs in a healthy adult? - ANS:->>>3,500 to 10,500 cells/mcL Which type of interaction is sometimes described as true absorption? - ANS:-
Photoelectric effect What side of the patient should be closer to the side of movement when assisting from a wheelchair to the treatment table? - ANS:->>>Stronger side What properties define the carina? - ANS:->>>It is the bifurcation at the level of T4-T5, it typically correlates to the 'angle of Louis', it forms the beginning of the right & left main stem bronchi What is the ethical principle that directs health care professionals to avoid harmful actions to patients? - ANS:->>>Nonmaleficence What are contraindications for chemotherapy? - ANS:->>>Recent surgery, liver or kidney impairment, infection Which type of radiation is more likely to cause indirect interaction of radiation & the cell? - ANS:->>>Low linear energy transfer What is the topographic anatomical landmark that correlates with T2? - ANS:- Manubrium What may exposure to low levels of radiation produce? - correct answer
Genetic effects, neoplastic disease, a diminished life span What is the opening between the stomach & the duodenum? - ANS:->>>Pyloric sphincter What are the advantages of mega voltage beams for treatment of deep lesions? - ANS:->>>Lower skin dose & greater penetration What are orthogonal films? - ANS:->>>Two portal images that are captured 90˚ apart What should the therapist do if a patient arrives with lab work results indicating a WBC count of <2000 g/dl? – ANS:->>>Bring this to the radiation oncologist's attention prior to treatment delivery What is the equivalent square of a 7x12 cm field with a 2x2 cm square block? - ANS:->>>8.9 cm (the block doesn't matter) What is a tumor site that is most often treated with IMRT? - ANS:-
Prostate What should the therapist do when significant changes are noted in the patient's condition? - ANS:->>>Withhold treatment until the physician is consulted What are two power sources used to generate electromagnetic waves for the linear accelerator? - ANS:->>>Magnetron & klystron Which organ has a high radiosensitivity? - ANS:->>>Lung
