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2024 AQA A-Level PHYSICS 7408/3B Paper 3 Section B Verified Question Paper and Marking Scheme Attached June 2024 A PHYSICS Paper 3 Section B Astrophysics Monday 17 June 2024 Materials For this paper you must have: • a pencil and a ruler • a scientific calculator • a Data and Formulae Booklet • a protractor. Instructions • Use black ink or black ball-point pen. • Fill in the boxes at the top of this page. Morning Time allowed: The total time for both sections of this paper is 2 hours. You are advised to spend approximately 50 minutes on this section. For Examiner’s Use Question Mark 1 • Answer all questions. • You must answer the questions in the spaces provided. Do not write outside the box around each page or on blank pages. • If you need extra space for your answer(s), use the lined pages at the end of this book. Write the question number against your answer(s). • Do all rough work in this book. Cross through any work you do not want to be marked
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Verified Question Paper and Marking Scheme Attached June 2024
PHYSICS
Section B Astrophysics Monday 17 June 2024 Morning
For this paper you must have:
sections of this paper is 2 hours. You are advised to spend approximately 50 minutes on this section.
box around each page or on blank pages.
the question number against your answer(s).
For Examiner’s Use Question Mark 1 2 3 4 TOTAL
Do not write outside the Section B
Answer all questions in this section.
box
(^0 1) A student uses a refracting telescope in normal adjustment to make observations of Jupiter.
Determine the distance between the eyepiece and the objective lens.
[2 marks]
[2 marks]
Do not write outside the Turn over ► box
Do not write outside the (^0 2) The apparent change in position of a nearby star relative to distant stars is due to an box
effect known as parallax.
Figure 2 shows how parallax arises. As the Earth moves from point P to point Q , an
observer on the Earth sees the position of a nearby star S change in relation to distant
stars.
Figure 2
nearby star, provided that the relative motion between the star and the Sun is
negligible between observations.
[2 marks]
Do not write outside the 0 3. (^1) Figure 3 shows the variation of intensity with wavelength for a star.^ box
Figure 3
3
[2 marks]
6
Calculate the power output of the star.
[2 marks]
Do not write outside the 3
. Which row gives the type and spectral class of the star?
Tick (✓) one box.
[1 mark]
box
. The light from the star passes through an interstellar dust cloud before reaching Earth.
The reduction in intensity when light passes through a dust cloud is assumed to be
inversely proportional to the wavelength of the light.
An astronomer on the Earth estimates the black-body temperature of the star.
Discuss the effect that the dust cloud has on this estimate.
[2 marks]
Turn over ►
Type of star Spectral class
white dwarf F
main sequence G
red giant K
main sequence F
red giant G
white dwarf K
Do not write outside the
Turn over ►
(^0 4) The Earth is in the galaxy known as the Milky Way. The Andromeda Galaxy is one of^ box
the closest galaxies to the Milky Way.
− 1 .
Discuss whether these data can be used to estimate an age for the Universe.
[2 marks]
0 4. 2 There is a supermassive black hole at the centre of the Andromeda Galaxy. The
8 solar masses.
Calculate the radius of the event horizon of this black hole.
State an appropriate unit for your answer.
[3 marks]
Question 4 continues on the next page
Do not write outside the box
Do not write outside the (^0 4). 3 Scientists predict that a quasar will be produced as the Milky Way and the Andromeda box
Galaxy merge.
Explain what is meant by a quasar.
Go on to suggest why a quasar may be produced as galaxies merge.
In your answer you should:
There are no questions printed on this page
Do not write outside the box
Do not write outside the box Question
number
Additional page, if required. Write the question numbers in the left-hand margin.
Do not write outside the box Question
number
Additional page, if required. Write the question numbers in the left-hand margin.
Do not write outside the There are no questions printed on this page
box
.
2 Version 1.
antiquarks have opposite signs
Type Charge
Baryon
number
Strangeness
2
3
1
3
1
3
1
3
1
3
1
3
Lepton number
−
moments (^) moment = 𝐹𝑑
velocity and acceleration
equations of
motion
force 𝐹 = 𝑚𝑎
force
impulse 𝐹 Δ𝑡 = Δ(𝑚𝑣)
work, energy and power
𝑊 = 𝐹 𝑠 cos 𝜃
1 𝐸k = 𝑚 𝑣^2 2
Δ𝐸p = 𝑚𝑔Δℎ
∆𝑊 , 𝑃 = 𝐹 ∆𝑡
photon energy
photoelectricity ℎ𝑓 = ϕ + 𝐸k (max)
energy levels (^) ℎ𝑓 = 𝐸 1 – 𝐸 2
de Broglie wavelength
Class Name Symbol (^) Rest energy/MeV
photon photon 𝛾 0
mesons (^) meson
0
0
baryons proton (^) p 938.
neutron (^) n 939.
wave speed 𝑐 = 𝑓𝜆 period
first harmonic
fringe spacing
diffraction grating
𝑑 sin 𝜃 = 𝑛
refractive index of a substance s , 𝑛 =
𝑐
𝑐s
for two different substances of refractive indices n 1 and n 2 ,
law of refraction 𝑛 1 sin 𝜃 1 = 𝑛 2 sin 𝜃 2
𝑛 2
c (^) 𝑛 1
1 2
𝑚
𝑉
Hooke’s law 𝐹 = 𝑘 Δ𝐿
Young modulus =
𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑙𝑒 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠 𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑙𝑒 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑛
𝐹 tensile stress = 𝐴 ∆𝐿 tensile strain = 𝐿
1
2
Version 1.7 3
AQA A-LEVEL PHYSICS DATA AND FORMULAE
current and pd
resistivity
resistors in series (^) 𝑅T = 𝑅 1 + 𝑅 2 + 𝑅 3 + …
resistors in parallel
1
1
1
power
2
emf
force between two masses
gravitational field strength
magnitude of gravitational
field strength in a radial field
work done Δ𝑊 = 𝑚Δ𝑉
gravitational potential
force between two 1 𝑄 1 𝑄 2
point charges
force on a charge 𝐹 = 𝐸𝑄
field strength for a 𝑉
uniform field
work done
𝑟
field strength for a radial field
electric potential (^) 𝑉 =
field strength (^) 𝐸 =
capacitance (^) 𝐶 =
capacitor energy
0 r 𝑑
1 1 1 𝑄^2
stored
capacitor charging 𝑄 = 𝑄 0 (1 − e
decay of charge (^) 𝑄 = 𝑄 0 e 𝑅𝐶
energy to change temperature
time constant 𝑅𝐶
energy to change
state
gas law (^) 𝑝𝑉 = 𝑛𝑅𝑇
kinetic theory model
𝑝𝑉 = 𝑁𝑚 (𝑐rms)^2 3
kinetic energy of gas molecule
𝑚 (𝑐rms)^2 = 𝑘𝑇 = 2 2 2 𝑁A
magnitude of angular speed
centripetal acceleration
centripetal force
acceleration 𝑎 = − 𝜔^2 𝑥
displacement 𝑥 = 𝐴 cos (𝜔𝑡)
speed 𝑣 = ± 𝜔 �(𝐴^2 − 𝑥^2 )
maximum speed (^) 𝑣max = 𝜔𝐴
maximum acceleration 𝑎max = 𝜔^2 𝐴
for a mass-spring system
for a simple pendulum