Army Safety Regulations: AR 385–10, Study notes of Engineering

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Army Regulation 385–

Safety

The Army

Safety

Program

Headquarters Department of the Army Washington, DC 29 February 2000

UNCLASSIFIED

SUMMARY of CHANGE

AR 385–

The Army Safety Program

Change 1 to AR 385-10--

o Changes the applicability and Army management control process paragraphs.

o Changes paragraph 1-4, before subparagraph a.

o Supersedes paragraph 1-4a with new text.

o Supersedes paragraph 1-4a(1) with new text.

o Adds paragraphs 1-4c(14) and (15).

o Supersedes paragraph 1-4d(2) with new text.

o Adds paragraph 1-4d(3).

o Adds paragraph 1-4e(3).

o Supersedes paragraph 1-4g(1) with new text.

o Supersedes paragraph 1-4h(1) with new text.

o Adds paragraph 1-4h(6).

o Adds paragraph 1-4i(3).

o Adds paragraph 1-4j(13).

o Adds paragraph 1-4k(3).

o Supersedes paragraph 1-4m with new text.

o Supersedes paragraph 1-4m(2) with new text.

o Supersedes paragraph 1-4n with new text.

o Supersedes paragraph 1-4n(1) with new text.

o Supersedes paragraph 1-4n(2) with new text.

o Adds paragraphs 1-4n(5) and (6).

o Supersedes paragraph 1-4o with new text.

o Adds paragraph 1-4p(5).

o Supersedes paragraphs 1-5a, b, and c with new text.

o Adds in the glossary, section I, the acronyms ASA(I&E) and USACHPPM.

o Changes in the glossary, section II, the terms DA Personnel, MANPRINT, and Risk assessment.

o Adds in the glossary, section II, the terms Control, Condition, Develop the force, Direct and resource the force, Exposure, Hazard, Probability, Project the force, Residual risk, Risk, Risk decision, Risk management, Risk management integration, Severity, and Sustain the force.

o Adds at the back of the regulation, DA Form 11-2-R.

o Supersedes AR 385-15, dated 15 October 1979.

o This revision originally published 23 May 1988 consolidates AR 385-10 and AR 385-

32. It--

o Provides expanded details on the responsibilities of commanders (chaps 1 and 2).

o Provides guidance on internal safety office organization and structure (chap 2).

o Details requirements for appointment of additional duty safety personnel (chap 2).

o Adds guidance on procedures for managing protective clothing and equipment (chap 6).

Headquarters Department of the Army Washington, DC 29 February 2000

Safety

The Army Safety Program

*Army Regulation 385– 10

Effective 29 March 2000

History. Army Regulation 385-10 was originally published on 23 May 1988. It w a s a u t h e n t i c a t e d b y C a r l E. V u o n o , General, United States Army, Chief of S t a f f , a n d M i l t o n H. H a m i l t o n , Administrative Assistant to the Secretary o f t h e A r m y. T h i s e l e c t r o n i c e d i t i o n p u b l i s h e s t h e b a s i c 1 9 8 8 e d i t i o n a n d incorporates Change 1, published on 29 February 2000. Change 1 is authenticated by Louis Caldera, Secretary of the Army. Summary. This change provides risk management policy and definitions and provides authorization for collateral duty

personnel to perform SASOHIs. Appendix B is added to provide Management Con- trol Evaluation Checklist guidance for the Army Safety Program. Paragraph 2-1, Or- ganizational structure, is revised. Pertinent aspects of AR 385-15 are added, and AR 385-15 is rescinded upon publication of this change. Pertinent aspects of chapter 6, Personal Clothing and Equipment, are moved into other sections, and chapter 6 is deleted. Applicability. This regulation applies to t h e a c t i v e A r m y , t h e A r m y N a t i o n a l Guard (ARNG) of the U.S., the U.S. Army Reserve (USAR), and Army civil- ian employees. During mobilization, chap- t e r s a n d p o l i c i e s c o n t a i n e d i n t h i s regulation may be modified by the propo- nent. Proponent and exception authority. The proponent agency of this regulation is the Office of the Chief of Staff, Army, Army Safety Office. Army management control process. This regulation contains management con- trol provisions and identifies key manage- ment controls that must be evaluated. Supplementation. Supplementation of

this regulation and establishment of com- mand and local forms are prohibited with- o u t p r i o r a p p r o v a l f r o m H Q D A (DACS–SF), WASH DC 20310–0300.

Interim changes. Interim changes to this regulation are not official unless they are authenticated by The Adjutant Gener- al. Users will destroy interim changes on their expiration dates unless sooner super- seded or rescinded.

Suggested Improvements. Users are invited to send comments and suggested improvements on DA Form 2028 (Recom- m e n d e d C h a n g e s t o P u b l i c a t i o n s a n d Blank Forms) directly to Chief of Staff (DACS-SF) 200 Army Pentagon, Wash- ington, DC 20310-0200.

Distribution. Distribution of this publi- cation is made in accordance with initial distribution number (IDN) 093389, in- tended for command levels A, B, C, D, and E for Active Army, Army National Guard of the U.S., and U.S. Army Re- serve.

Contents (Listed by paragraph and page number)

Chapter 1 Introduction, page 1 Purpose • 1–1, page 1 References • 1–2, page 1 Explanation of abbreviations and terms • 1–3, page 1 Responsibilities • 1–4, page 1 Policy • 1–5, page 4 Safety Coordinating Panel • 1–6, page 4 Deviations • 1–7, page 4

Chapter 2 Army Safety Program Structure and Activities, page 4 Organizational structure • 2–1, page 4 Operational procedures • 2–2, page 5

*This regulation supersedes AR 385-15, dated 15 October 1979.

AR 385–10 • 29 February 2000 i

UNCLASSIFIED

Chapter 1

Introduction

1 – 1. Purpose a. This regulation prescribes Department of the Army (DA) policy, responsibilities, and procedures to protect and preserve Army personnel and property against accidental loss. It provides for public safety incident to Army operations and activities, and safe and healthful workplaces, procedures, and equipment. This regulation assures statutory and regulatory compliance. b. This regulation mandates Army Safety Program policies, procedures, and guidelines into one comprehensive safety program for all DA personnel and operations worldwide.

1 – 2. References Required and related publications and prescribed and referenced forms are listed in appendix A.

1 – 3. Explanation of abbreviations and terms Abbreviations and special terms used in this regulation are explained in the glossary.

1 – 4. Responsibilities Principal officials of Headquarters, Department of the Army are responsible to direct, resource, and evaluate the integration of risk management into the Army. a. The Office of the Assistant Secretary of the Army (Installations and Environment)(ASA(I&E)) is the principal consultant to the Secretary of the Army for Army safety and occupational health (OH) matters. The ASA(I&E) is the Army’s designated safety and occupational health official and will— (1) Approve policies, issue directives, make recommendations, and issue guidance on Army safety and OH plans, programs, and risk management integration within Army Safety and Occupational Health Program areas. (2) Initiate programs, actions, and taskings to ensure adherence to DA and Department of Defense (DOD) safety and OH policies. (3) Review and evaluate programs for carrying out approved safety and OH policies and standards. (4) Serve on boards, committees, and other groups pertaining to safety and OH, and represent the Secretary of the Army on safety and OH matters outside DA. (5) Participate in the planning, programming, and budgeting of safety and OH activities. (6) Serve as Functional Chief for the Safety Management Career Program. b. The Assistant Secretary of the Army (Research, Development, and Acquisition) (ASA(RDA)) will ensure system safety procedures are implemented by Project Executive Officers and Project Managers during materiel development phases.

c. The Director of Army Safety (DASAF), Office of the Chief of Staff, Army (OCSA) will— (1) Administer and direct an effective Army safety program to reduce the occurrence of accidents. (2) Act as principal adviser to Chief of Staff, Army (CSA), OCSA, and Army Staff elements on all safety matters. (3) Provide staff supervision of the U.S. Army Safety Center (USASC) and the Army Safety Office. (4) Develop, coordinate, and disseminate Army safety program policy, direction, and guidance to all Army com- mands and agencies. (5) Monitor the Army safety program effectiveness. (6) Support major Army command (MACOM) and installation commanders in developing specific plans and programs. (7) Collect and distribute accident data and statistics relating to injuries, occupational illnesses, and report damage related to Army operations. (8) Support appropriate funding to provide for an effective Army accident prevention effort. (9) Develop safety countermeasures to reduce accidents. (10) Investigate selected Army accidents according to AR 385–40. (11) Administer a program of specialized safety training courses for the Army. (12) Implement statutory requirements and national standards. (13) Serve as Chairman of the DA Explosives Safety Council. (14) Serve as the risk management advocate on the Army Staff, synchronize the risk management actions of risk management integrating agents, and provide periodic progress reports to the Secretary of the Army and the Chief of Staff, Army. (15) Develop Army radiation safety policy relating to the use, licensing, disposal, transportation, dosimetry, accident reporting, safety design, and inventory control of and radiation exposure standards for ionizing and nonionizing radiation sources. d. The Deputy Chief of Staff for Personnel (DCSPER) will—

(1) Ensure systems safety is integrated into materiel development and acquisition phases through the Manpower and Personnel Integration (MANPRINT) Program. (2) Include safety concerns and issues on Army materiel in MANPRINT assessments and presentations at the Army systems acquisition review council (ASARC). (3) Support safety policy and procedure development and implementation with advocacy for soldier-oriented re- search and development, to include issues in personnel, training, human factors engineering, and soldier survivability. e. The Deputy Chief of Staff for Logistics (DCSLOG) will— (1) Establish and maintain procedures for safety-of-flight restrictions for Army aircraft and safety-of-use restrictions for other Army materiel. (2) Develop procedures for the safe transportation, storage, and packaging of Army ordnance and hazardous materials. (3) Manage Hazardous Materials Information System. f. The Deputy Chief of Staff for Operations and Plans (DCSOPS) will— (1) Act as focal point for all nuclear and chemical matters in Army. (2) Establish procedures for nuclear weapons reliability, safety, security, nuclear force management, and employ- ment policies. (3) Establish procedures for the Army Flight Standardization Program. g. The Surgeon General (TSG), in support of the Army Occupational Safety and Health Program, will— (1) Formulate policy and guidance for the Army Occupational Health Program and related issues such as ergonomics. (2) Formulate policy and provide guidance for the Army Health Hazard Assessment Program as described in AR 40 – 10. (3) Provide guidance and policy on health and safety procedures and protocols for human use testing in accordance with AR 70–25. (4) Establish procedure for implementing occupational health aspects of Public Law 91–596 (Occupational Safety and Health Act), 29 December 1970. (5) Develop policies for and establish health standards as necessary for occupational exposure in industrial and military unique work areas. (6) Provide technical guidance to the Army staff, MACOMs, and Army Medical Department in the evaluation and control of actual or potential occupational health hazards in Army work areas. (7) Ensure system safety procedures are implemented in developing medical material. h. The Commanding General, U.S. Army Materiel Command (CG, AMC) will— (1) Develop airworthiness qualification of Army aircraft systems (AR 70-62); safety-of-use messages and a vehicle safety recall campaign (AR 750-10); and safety program aspects of toxic chemical munitions operations and demilitarization (AR 50-6). (2) Assure that materiel and systems acquired for the Army and other military services are free of recognized hazards and conform to OSHA standards. (3) Hazard classify ammunition and explosives per part 173, title 49, Code of Federal Regulations (49 CFR 173) and TB 700–2. (4) Report and investigate malfunctions involving ammunition and explosives (AR 75–1). (5) Develop and acquire new conventional and nonconventional munitions to provide for user and public safety during the manufacture, packaging, transportation, storage, use, and disposal/demilitarization. (6) Coordinate activities across the Army to integrate risk management into programs to sustain the force, to include coordination with other MACOMs and staff elements that share AMC’s functional interest. i. The Commander, Military Traffic Management Command (CDR, MTMC) will— (1) Develop policy for HQDA approval for safety in operations requiring DOD compliance with Department of Transportation (DOT) hazardous materials regulations; safety in maritime operations requiring compliance with the International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code when loading vessels at MTMC terminals; exemption requests by DOD components for shipments of hazardous materials by DOD shippers that do not comply with DOT regulations; and traffic engineer support to installations. (2) Assure that contracts within MTMC purview include adequate safety provisions and contract compliance. j. The Commanding General, U.S. Army Training and Doctrine Command (CG, TRADOC) will— (1) Integrate safety and occupational health procedures into all Army training guidelines and techniques to be applied in the field. (2) Ensure that safety and occupational health training is integrated into the curricula of appropriate Army schools. (3) Coordinate activities across the Army to integrate risk management into programs to project the force, to include coordination with other MACOMs and staff elements that share MTMC’s functional interest. (4) Integrate safety and occupational health considerations into new equipment training.

(5) Develop and implement programs to integrate risk management into Army safety and occupational health program throughout their command. (6) Establish an ergonomics program consistent with paragraph 1-4g(1). o. Commanders at all levels will be responsible for protecting personnel, equipment, and facilities under their command; effective implementation of safety and occupational health policies; and the integration of the risk manage- ment process into their safety and occupational health program. p. Supervisory and operating personnel who direct or affect the actions of others will— (1) Be responsible for accident prevention to the same extent that they are responsible for production or services. (2) Maintain a safe and healthful workplace. (3) Assure that employees under their supervision observe appropriate safety and occupational health rules and regulations, including the use of protective clothing and equipment (PCE) provided for their protection. (4) Promptly evaluate and take action as required to correct hazards reported by employees or identified through accident investigation. They will not initiate or support reprisal action against employees who identify hazards, raise safety concerns or engage in authorized safety and occupational health activities. (5) Use the risk management process during the planning, preparation for, and execution of all operations for which they are responsible.

1 – 5. Policy The following principles will be effectively integrated into all Army plans, programs, decision processes, operations, and activities: a. Accidents are an unacceptable impediment to Army missions, readiness, morale, and resources: hence accident risk management will be exercised by decision makers. b. Decision makers at every level will employ the risk management process, as specified in paragraph 2-3d of this regulation, to avoid unnecessary residual risk to missions, personnel, equipment, and the environment. c. The acquisition of materials, equipment, facilities, and systems will maximize the use of engineering design to preclude unnecessary residual risk and control residual risks. d. Life cycle safety considerations will be considered in the acquisition, use, and disposal of chemicals and hazardous materials so as not to endanger or compromise public health and safety. e. Appropriate action will be taken to expeditiously correct nonconformities with mandated standards, workplace deficiencies hazards and accident causes. f. Performance standards for military and civilian managers and supervisors will include accident prevention and OH responsibilities as a rating element. The success or shortcomings of managers or supervisory personnel in performing safety and OH responsibilities will be considered in Army civilian employee performance appraisals, officer evaluation reports (OERs), and enlisted evaluation reports (EERs).

1 – 6. Safety Coordinating Panel A Department of the Army (DA) Safety Coordinating Panel, chaired by the Director of Army Safety, will be charted to facilitate coordination and communication between MACOMs, the Director of Army Safety, and the ARSTAF on risk management integration in Develop, Project, and Sustain the force, and safety issues having major Army-wide effect on policy, direction, and standards.

1 – 7. Deviations Occasionally, the safety requirements of this regulation may be incompatible with mission accomplishment. In such cases, MACOM commanders may request that the Director of Army Safety approve deviation from the specific requirements (Chief of Staff (DACS-SF), 200 Army Pentagon, Washington, DC 20310-0200).

Chapter 2

Army Safety Program Structure and Activities

2 – 1. Organizational structure All Army safety offices will be structured according to this chapter. Commanders will— a. Designate a command safety and occupational health official to exercise staff supervision over safety and health, risk management, and accident prevention activities. Duties performed by this official will include the full range of program management responsibilities. b. Ensure that the designated command safety and occupational health official will be a member of the commander’s special staff reporting directly to the commander. c. Ensure that designated command safety and occupational health officials meet Office of Personnel Management Standards for the positions of Occupational Safety and Health, GS 018/803.

d. Organize and staff a comprehensive safety office under the direction of a designated command safety and occupational health manager. This office will organize and administer a safety program that includes the following: (1) Accident reporting (2) Workplace safety (3) Transportation safety (4) Family and off-the-job safety (5) Range safety (when applicable) (6) Explosive safety (when applicable) (7) Aviation safety (when applicable) (8) Tactical safety (when applicable) (9) Radiation safety (when applicable) (10) System safety (when applicable) (11) Hazardous materials operations. (12) Research, development, test, and evaluation (RDTE) activities. (See AR 385–16.) (13) System safety management and engineering. (See AR 385–16.) (14) Operations involving the use of ionizing and nonionizing radiation. (See AR 385–9 and AR 385–11.) (15) Public safety. (16) Family, dependent, and off-the-job accident prevention. (17) Other loss control elements. e. Provide sufficient funds and other resources to carry out all responsibilities designated in this regulation to assure safety and OH program effectiveness. This staff will perform standard accident prevention functions and tasks as outlined in chapter 5. Safety, occupational health, fire prevention, environmental protection, and injury compensation staffs will work in close coordination on matters of mutual concern. f. Appoint additional duty safety personnel to perform required safety and accident prevention functions in troop/ industrial/administrative units not staffed with full-time safety personnel. In troop units, this includes company level or equivalent organizational component. These unit safety personnel will—

(1) Be appointed in writing on orders. (2) Be a commissioned officer at battalion and higher unit levels. (3) Be in the rank of staff sergeant or higher at company level. (4) Have completed, or will complete, a local unit safety officer course. (5) Have 1 year or more retainability in the unit upon duty appointment. (6) Give their safety officer duties proper priority. (7) Report directly to the commander on safety-related matters. g. Civilian collateral safety personnel will be given similar training. h. Support efforts to develop military and civilian safety expertise through training programs, effective career development, and management procedures.

i. Provide safety, occupational health, and related loss control services to tenant and satellite commanders in support of their statutory and regulatory responsibilities. Installation commanders have responsibilities for safety of people, the environment, and public on their installation. Local memorandum of understanding will be developed between host and tenant organizations to ensure necessary safety and OH responsibilities are addressed. j. Provide safety services to USAR units in their geographic area of responsibility as defined in AR 5–9. k. Establish at MACOM, installation, and community level a Safety and Occupational Health Advisory Council composed of management and military and civilian operating personnel. This council will make recommendations to the commander and perform such additional safety and occupational health tasks as the commander or the council may direct. (1) Such councils will be chaired by the commander or the commander’s designee, who will be a senior manage- ment official. (2) Councils will meet periodically and will publish the minutes of the meetings. (3) MACOM commanders may exempt installations having small populations from the requirements of this para- graph; however, these exemptions will document quality control measures. Such populations may be represented through participation in other command councils. (4) Establishment of councils at other than installation level will be at MACOM discretion. l. Authorize use of official time for employees when participating in occupational safety and health (OSH) activities, including walkaround inspections, authorized by this regulation.

2 – 2. Operational procedures Leaders and managers are responsible for integrating risk management into all Army processes and operations. Safety

(3) Issuance of special clothing and equipment to Army civilians. (a) Special clothing and equipment include clothing and equipment needed for the protection of personnel to perform their assigned tasks efficiently under extreme conditions or situations. These include but are not limited to heat, cold, wetness, pressure, environmental pollution (for example, toxic or hazardous gases, vapors, fumes, or materials); deleterious animal, insect, parasitic, or amoebic life; or any combination of these conditions.. (b) Commanders are authorized to requisi-tion and issue special clothing and equipment on a temporary loan basis from any inventories, other than those of the Army Stock fund, to all direct-hire civilian employees. The following criteria must be met:

1. The use of special clothing and equipment would serve a military purpose. 2. The purchase of such clothing and equipment from commercial sources would not be practicable or would cause undue hardship on the individual concerned. 3. The clothing and equipment issued would be returned to the issuing organization when no longer required. (4) Environmental differential pay. Environmental differential pay for civilian employees, when warranted, does not relieve the commander of the responsibility to provide appropriate PCE and to continue efforts to eliminate or reduce any hazardous conditions that justify such pay. Conversely, the requirement to wear PCE in any particular work environment does not, of itself, provide justification for environmental differential pay. (5) Use of PCE by visitors and transients. For all activities in which official visitors and transients may be potentially exposed to hazards, the host, guide, or area supervisor will conduct a risk assessment of the work location to determine the appropriate protective measures. If the host, guide, or area supervisor can reduce the hazard(s) to an acceptable level without requiring the use of PCE, those measures may be employed (that is, eliminate foot hazards-no safety shoes). However, if it is determined that a safe level of risk cannot be obtained by using these procedures, then the host, guide, or area supervisor will be responsible for providing and assuring the proper use of PCE and the official visitors and transients will be required to wear the specified PCE. k. Establish and operate an effective explosives safety program to include— (1) Exercising supervision over subordinate organizations to ensure that effective explosives safety procedures are implemented and maintained to include specific plans to correct violations of explosives safety standards. (2) Publishing a command program to implement HQDA ammunition and explosives safety standards and to identify responsibilities for all subordinate organizations (including tenants) that store, handle, use, or transport explosives. (3) Ensuring qualified safety personnel (GS/GM–018 or GS/GM–803) review explosives safety site plans, safety submissions, and facility designs for new or modified explosives sites or facilities within the safety arcs of explosives operations. (4) Ensuring qualified occupational safety personnel review explosives safety waivers and exemptions for facilities and equipment and provide the commander with essential risk data regarding the deficient situation. l. Ensure that effective range safety procedures are implemented and sustained to include safety office review of all new range construction and all range waivers.

m. Publish command procedures to implement effective family, sports, and recreation safety programs and identify responsibilities for all subordinate organizations and installations. n. Establish and operate effective tactical water safety procedures to include— (1) Water-related activities. (a) Establish and operate a safety program for water operations and water recreational activities and publicize appropriate to the geographic area. (b) Provide for inspection of water operations and recreational facilities, equipment, and adjacent areas on Army owned or leased properties. Such inspections will assure that safety and health requirements are met. (c) Provide sufficient lifesaving equipment, communication equipment, first aid facilities, protective devices, and other equipment as shown in TB MED 575 at Army-controlled water operations and water recreational activities areas.

(d) Issue standing operating procedures for water operations and water recreational activities. Assure that all water operations and recreational facilities and equipment comply with safety and occupational health requirements. Army boats and lifesaving equipment must comply with U.S. Coast Guard and State or host country requirements.

(e) Inform personnel of the hazards of swimming alone, in cold water, after drinking, during hours of darkness, or in unauthorized areas. (f) Provide water safety briefings before the start of any water operations and the swimming season. (2) Water operations. (a) Train persons involved in water operations on accident prevention measures. (b) Identify military nonswimmers. Provide swimming instructions or water survival training for persons who will be involved in water operations. See FM 21-20 for detailed guidance.

(c) Ensure that equipment used for water crossing operations is pre-dipped to detect water leakage. (3) Water recreation activities.

(a) When possible, provide swimming instruction and water survival training for persons who engage in water recreational activities. (b) Ensure that Red Cross certified or equivalent lifeguards will be on duty at Army water recreational areas at all times during hours of operation.

2 – 3. Prevention program procedures a. Inspections and surveys. Inspections and surveys of operations and facilities will be conducted annually or more often (chap 4). Inspection procedures will emphasize use of interviews, operational reviews, performance testing, and similar techniques designed to detect high risks of both a behavior and environmental character at the earliest possible time. Standard Army Safety and Occupational Health Inspection (SASOHI) procedures outlined in chapter 4 implement 29 CFR 1960.26 provisions and will be used in inspections/surveys. Installations will have the appropriate diagnostic equipment consistent with their mission to collect the essential information for analysis. b. Reports of unsafe or unhealthful conditions. All Army personnel will be advised of their right and responsibility to report unsafe or unhealthful conditions. Reports to their supervisors will normally expedite corrective actions. Such reports may be submitted directly to unit safety personnel, installation safety offices, or other appropriate points of contact such as inspectors general. To provide an additional channel for such reports when employees find routine channels ineffective, commanders will conform to Army Employee Hazard Reporting System procedures outlined in chapter 4. c. Department of Labor (DOL) inspections and investigations of Army working conditions. In accordance with the provisions of Executive Order 12196 and DODI 6055.1, and within the scope of the Public Law 91–596, OSHA, and National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) officials, acting as representatives of the Secretary of Labor, are authorized to conduct announced or unannounced inspections of all Army civilian workplaces except those identified as military- unique workplaces. Procedures for these inspections are in chapter 4. d. Risk management. Risk Management is the Army’s principal risk reduction process to assist leaders in identifying and controlling hazards and making informed decisions. (1) Every commander, leader and manager is responsible for protecting the force and persons affected by Army operations. The five-step process is the commander’s principal risk reduction process to identify and control hazards and make informed decisions. (a) Identify hazards. (b) Assess hazards. (c) Develop controls and make risk decisions. (d) Implement controls. (e) Supervise and evaluate. (2) The standard for risk management is leadership at the appropriate level of authority making informed decisions to control hazards or accept risks. (3) In those circumstances where local resources are not available to control residual risks, leaders will make conscious decisions to either accept the risk or elevate the risk decision to the next higher level of leadership. (4) The risk management process supplements, but does not supersede, the compliance requirements of federally mandated standards, this regulation or any other regulation.

2 – 4. Department of the Army personnel All DA personnel, military and civilian, will— a. Comply with safety and occupational health rules, regulations, and standards. b. Use and maintain PCE provided for their protection. c. Report any unsafe and unhealthful working conditions and accidents to their immediate supervisor.

Chapter 3

Safety Standards Application

3 – 1. Standards a. All standards established by DOL pursuant to sections 6 and 19 of Public Law 91–596 are adopted as Army safety standards and will be complied with in applicable Army workplaces. Army workplaces are generally comparable to private sector workplaces. b. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineer safety and health requirements publication (EM 385– 1 – 1) applies to all Army construction operations incorporating part 1926, title 29, Code of Federal Regulations (29 CFR 1926). c. Commanders will apply OSHA and other non-DA regulatory or consensus safety and health standards to military- unique equipment, systems, operations, or workplaces, in whole or in part, insofar as practicable. When military design, specifications, or requirements render compliance infeasible, or when no regulatory or consensus standard exists for

• Prevention program procedures • 2 – 3, page
• Department of the Army personnel • 2 – 4, page
• Chapter
• Safety Standards Application, page
• Standards • 3 – 1, page
• Conflicts • 3 – 2, page
• Additional safeguards • 3 – 3, page
• Standards publications • 3 – 4, page
• Modification of OSHA standards • 3 – 5, page
• Host installation standards • 3 – 6, page
• General Services Administration facilities • 3 – 7, page
• Violation-correction policy • 3 – 8, page
• Abatement program • 3 – 9, page
• Chapter
• Safety and Occupational Health Inspections of Army Workplaces, page
• Standard Army safety and occupational health inspections • 4 – 1, page
• Department of Labor inspections • 4 – 2, page
• Federal and State OSHA inspections of contractor workplaces • 4 – 3, page
• Army employee hazard reporting • 4 – 4, page
• Chapter
• Standard Safety Staff Functions and Tasks, page
• General • 5 – 1, page
• Standard safety staff functions and tasks • 5 – 2, page
• A. References, page Appendixes
• B. Management Control Evaluation Checklist, page
• ii AR 385– 10 • 29 February Reproducible Forms
• Figure 2-1. Sample DD Form

3 – 4. Standards publications Commander will ensure that publications which implement Army safety and occupational health criteria— a. Reach every DA workplace in a form appropriate to the specific operation. b. Are understood and complied with by affected personnel and implementation is enforced by supervisors. c. Are applied in the procurement or renovation of material, equipment, systems and facilities.

3 – 5. Modification of OSHA standards Commanders may not issue waivers or variances to OSHA standards.

a. Alternate standards. When a MACOM commander determines that an OSHA standard should be modified for application to particular nonmilitary-unique working conditions, a proposed alternate standard will be developed and submitted to the Director of Army Safety (DASAF), ATTN: CSSC–PR, Fort Rucker, AL 36362–5363 (with a copy sent to HQDA (DACS–SF), WASH DC 20310–0300) following guidelines established in 29 CFR 1960.17. The DASAF will review the proposed standard and, if appropriate, forward it through the chain of command to the Secretary of Labor for approval. Upon approval of an alternate standard, the originating MACOM may proceed with implementation. If adjudged to have Armywide applications, DASAF will advise the MACOMs.

b. Supplementary standards. In those cases where no appropriate OSHA standards exist for exposure of Army employees to unique, specific, or general hazards, MACOM commanders will develop appropriate emergency tempo- rary or permanent supplementary standards that apply to the working conditions of Army employees. These proposed supplementary standards will be submitted through command channels to the Director of Army Safety, ATTN: CSSC–PR, Fort Rucker, AL 36362–5363 (with a copy sent to HQDA (DACS–SF), WASH DC 20310 – 0300). ASA(I&L) will interact with DOL for their review. c. Emergency temporary standards. Commanders will implement OSHA emergency temporary standards (ETS) on the prescribed effective date established. Federal court rulings that advance or delay implementation of change, or that rescind OSHA standards, including ETS, will be adhered to by commanders, although commanders may continue to apply more stringent criteria than OSHA.

3 – 6. Host installation standards Personnel of different DA organizations, other DOD components, other Federal agencies, or private organizations who work at the same installation will be governed by installation safety standards. Conflicts concerning safety standards should be resolved by the installation commander. However, when local efforts cannot resolve these problems, they should be referred to the next higher command level to adjudicate.

3 – 7. General Services Administration facilities Deficiencies involving General Services Administration facilities will be corrected according to 29 CFR 1960.30.

3 – 8. Violation-correction policy To discharge their responsibility for the prevention of occupational injuries and illnesses, heads of Army installations and activities will, where possible, eliminate work hazards and health risks through engineering controls or modifica- tions. Although less desirable, management controls such as controlling the exposure time may be used to lessen personnel exposure to all hazards except noise hazards. a. The following priorities will be used to eliminate or reduce the effects of hazards: (1) Engineer to eliminate the hazard or to incorporate fail-safe devices. (2) Guard or control the hazard including automatic monitoring and alarming of unsafe/unhealthful conditions. (3) Limit personnel exposures (number of people and duration). (4) Train and educate personnel to avoid hazards. (5) Provide protective clothing or equipment adequate to minimize injury potential. (6) Use color coding and signs to alert personnel of hazards. b. PCE will be issued in situations where— (1) Engineering or management controls are not possible. (2) Development or installation of engineering controls are pending. (3) Short-term, nonroutine operations for which engineering controls are not practical are involved. (4) Emergencies occur; for example, spills and associated cleanup operations, ventilation malfunctions, emergency egress, and damage control activities. (5) Engineering or management controls cannot reduce the hazard to acceptable levels. c. When engineering and management controls are not possible and PCE does not reduce the hazard, the operation

Table 3– 2 Accident probability

Probability: Frequent. Occurs very often, continuously experienced. Level: (A) Single item: Occurs very often in service life. Expected to occur several times over duration of a specific mission or operation. Always occurs. Fleet or inventory of items: Occurs continuously during a specific mission or operation, or over a service life. Individual soldier: Occurs very often in career. Expected to occur several times during mission or operation. Always occurs. All soldiers exposed: Occurs continuously during a specific mission or operation.

Probability: Likely. Occurs several times. Level: (B) Single item: Occurs several times in service life. Expected to occur during a specific mission or operation. Fleet or inventory of items: Occurs at a high rate, but experienced intermittently (regular intervals, generally often). Individual soldier: Occurs several times in career. Expected to occur during a specific mission or operation. All soldiers exposed: Occurs at a high rate, but experienced intermittently.

Probability: Occasional. Occurs sporadically. Level: (C) Single item: Occurs some time in service life. May occur about as often as not during a specific mission or operation. Fleet or inventory of items: Occurs several times in service life. Individual soldier: Occurs some time in career. May occur during a specific mission or operation, but not often. All soldiers exposed: Occurs sporadically (irregularly, sparsely, or sometimes).

Probability: Seldom. Remotely possible; could occur at some time. Level: (D) Single item: Occurs in service life, but only remotely possible. Not expected to occur during a specific mission or operation. Fleet or inventory of items: Occurs as isolated incidents. Possible to occur some time in service life, but rarely. Usually does not occur. Individual soldier: Occurs as isolated incident during a career. Remotely possible, but not expected to occur during a specific mission or operation. All soldiers exposed: Occurs rarely within exposed population as isolated incidents.

Probability: Unlikely. Can assume will not occur, but not impossible. Level: (E) Single item: Occurrence not impossible, but can assume will almost never occur in service life. Can assume will not occur during a specific mission or operation. Fleet or inventory of items: Occurs very rarely (almost never or improbable). Incidents items may occur over service life. Individual soldier: Occurrence not impossible, but may assume will not occur in career or during a specific mission or operation. All soldiers exposed: Occurs very rarely, but not impossible.

Table 3– 3 Risk assessment code matrix

Accident Probability Hazard Severity A B C D E I 1 1 2 3 5 II 1 2 3 4 5 III 2 3 4 5 5 IV 3 4 5 5 5

b. Funding for hazard abatement. (1) Operating plans and budgets will include appropriate planning, programming, and resources to correct RAC 1 and 2 hazards from the abatement plan according to abatement priority numbers and any supplemental DA program guidance. When abatement projects require military construction funds or exceed local funding ceilings, the local commander will submit appropriate funding requests through command channels. (2) Funding will be accomplished generally from local operations and maintenance monies or overhead funds in industrially funded activities. Installations that are RDTE funded will program funding for hazard abatement. (3) All construction and modernization projects are required to incorporate life safety, explosives safety, fire protection, environmental, and other appropriate safety and occupational health standards. Many existing hazards are abated as a by-product of new construction that has been justified for other reasons. However, military construction

projects whose paramount justification is abatement of such hazards normally do not involve new construction; they typically consist of retrofit of one or more existing facilities, such as the installation or replacement of ventilation systems in places where toxic chemicals present hazards. An exception to this general rule could occur when a life- cycle analysis results in the determination that replacement or relocation of an existing facility is more cost effective than correction of multiple or gross existing hazards. (4) MACOMs will make provisions to account for actual expenditures for hazard abatement projects at all echelons of command.

Chapter 4

Safety and Occupational Health Inspections of Army Workplaces

4 – 1. Standard Army safety and occupational health inspections The procedures outlined below, designated as Standard Army Safety and Occupational Health Inspections (SASOHIs), are mandatory and will be followed on selected installation-level inspections as indicated in a below. a. All workplaces will be inspected at least annually using SASOHI procedures. (1) Facilities and operations involving special hazards will be inspected more frequently as determined by qualified safety and occupational health personnel. (2) Civilian personnel offices may request assistance in determining environmental differential pay or hazard pay cases. In these cases, qualified safety and health professionals will evaluate specific workplaces and conditions and provide a professional opinion as to the nature of the hazards and the required protective procedures. (3) Inspections of workplaces in contractor installations where fewer than 25 DA personnel are employed will be at the discretion of the MACOM commander based on existing conditions. While no formal annual inspection is required, DA and MACOM commanders are required to ensure the health and safety of their employees in the contractor facility. b. Unless specifically exempted in this paragraph, SASOHIs for all work sites will be conducted by qualified safety and occupational health professionals as defined in section II of the glossary. SASOHIs for tenant activities will be conducted in accordance with the host installation and tenant activity agreement. The SASOHIs for work sites meeting the criteria specified below may be performed by trained, qualified and appointed collateral duty safety personnel. If there is a dispute over interpretation of safety and health standards, hazard, or risk severity and probability, a qualified safety and occupational health professional, as defined in section II of the glossary, will make the final determination on the disputed issue. Personnel conducting SASOHIs will have access to diagnostic equipment and to personnel necessary to identify, document, and analyze the significance of the hazards discovered during the inspection. Current reference materials pertinent to the work site, such as standards, regulations, SOPs, hazard analyses/job hazard analysis, risk assessments, materiel safety data sheets, technical and field manuals, will be readily available. (1) Criteria for work sites where SASOHI can be conducted by collateral duty safety personnel: (a) Low risk operations as determined by a written hazard assessment specified in ( c ) below. (b) Lost time job-related injury rate of no more than 10 per 1,000 personnel (military and civilian) averaged for the last 3 years. (c) Written hazard assessment (title 29 of the Code of Federal Regulations, 1910.132) for current operations on file at the work site, conducted by qualified civilian or military safety and occupational health professional as defined in section II of the glossary. (2) Qualifications for collateral duty safety personnel conducting SASOHIs include— (a) Appointment and validation by the activ-ity commander that personnel can accomplish tasks required in title 29 of the Code of Federal Regulations, 1960.57, and outlined below: (b) Recognize hazards. (c) Assess risks including the requirement and procedures to contact safety or health professionals when risks are assessed medium or higher. (d) Advise on abatement options, complete abatement documentation, and follow-up on corrective actions. (e) Use Occupational Safety and Health Administration standards and Army requirements appropriate to the work site(s). (f) Use equipment necessary to conduct a thorough inspection. (g) Complete supervisor and/or employee training as required by title 29 of the Code of Federal Regulations, 1960.55 and 1960.59. (h) Conduct at least one inspection accom-panied by qualified safety personnel as defined in section II of the glossary. (3) Collateral duty personnel should conduct their inspections on a quarterly basis and a qualified safety person, as defined in section II of the glossary, should accompany them on at least one inspection per year in order to assure quality inspections are being conduction.