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19th century War Philippines notes and questions, Cheat Sheet of History

19th century War Philippines notes and questions

Typology: Cheat Sheet

2016/2017

Uploaded on 07/05/2022

KevinGates
KevinGates 🇺🇸

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Guide Questions #2
Answers to the guide questions must be based on the assigned readings.
1. Why is nation an imagined political community according to Benedict Anderson?
According to Anderson, the nation is imagined because the members of even the smallest
nation will never know most of their fellow-members, meet them, or even hear of them, yet
they consider their fellowship even in their minds. People in the community have its own
differences, but they consider sharing common language, traits, culture and beliefs, and
history because they belong to the same nation.
2. With Spanish rule, the people “forgot their native alphabet, their songs, their poetry, their
laws, in order to parrot other doctrines that they did not understand”. Do you agree? Give
examples to support this claim.
Yes, I agree. Before the impact of liberal ideas in the second half of the nineteenth
century, Filipinos lived in a kind of static dream world. They were eventually enslaved by the
cosmology introduced by the colonizers and blindly imitated these foreign and
incomprehensible things. As a result, they lost all confidence in their past, all faith in their
present, and all hope for the future.
3. Describe the setting of the Philippines when Rizal was born in 1861.
When Rizal was born in 1861, on the 19th century, Filipino nationalism started to grow
and develop. During this time, the Spaniards ruled the country and the Filipinos became their
slave. The Philippines also struggled to the negative effects of industrial revolution which
widened the gap between the rich and the poor and caused the displacement of the farmers
from their land.
4. Discuss the socio-political system under Spain.
The political structure of Spain established a centralized colonial government in the
Philippines which was composed of National and Local Government to administer provinces,
cities, towns, and municipalities.
5. Discuss the events of the world that might have influenced Dr. Jose Rizal.
The Western/Global imperialism; colonization of the Spaniards; the industrial revolution,
the most crucial development in the 19th century; Suez Canal; man becoming servants of
science; the nation’s struggle for nationalism; the fight for democracy; and the growing
confidence on progress, brought by the advancement of science, that inspired optimism were
some of the world events that might have influenced Dr. Jose Rizal.
6. Discuss the challenges in the Philippines that might have influenced Dr. Jose Rizal.
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Guide Questions #

Answers to the guide questions must be based on the assigned readings.

  1. Why is nation an imagined political community according to Benedict Anderson?

According to Anderson, the nation is imagined because the members of even the smallest nation will never know most of their fellow-members, meet them, or even hear of them, yet they consider their fellowship even in their minds. People in the community have its own differences, but they consider sharing common language, traits, culture and beliefs, and history because they belong to the same nation.

  1. With Spanish rule, the people “forgot their native alphabet, their songs, their poetry, their laws, in order to parrot other doctrines that they did not understand”. Do you agree? Give examples to support this claim.

Yes, I agree. Before the impact of liberal ideas in the second half of the nineteenth century, Filipinos lived in a kind of static dream world. They were eventually enslaved by the cosmology introduced by the colonizers and blindly imitated these foreign and incomprehensible things. As a result, they lost all confidence in their past, all faith in their present, and all hope for the future.

  1. Describe the setting of the Philippines when Rizal was born in 1861.

When Rizal was born in 1861, on the 19th^ century, Filipino nationalism started to grow and develop. During this time, the Spaniards ruled the country and the Filipinos became their slave. The Philippines also struggled to the negative effects of industrial revolution which widened the gap between the rich and the poor and caused the displacement of the farmers from their land.

  1. Discuss the socio-political system under Spain.

The political structure of Spain established a centralized colonial government in the Philippines which was composed of National and Local Government to administer provinces, cities, towns, and municipalities.

  1. Discuss the events of the world that might have influenced Dr. Jose Rizal.

The Western/Global imperialism; colonization of the Spaniards; the industrial revolution, the most crucial development in the 19th^ century; Suez Canal; man becoming servants of science; the nation’s struggle for nationalism; the fight for democracy; and the growing confidence on progress, brought by the advancement of science, that inspired optimism were some of the world events that might have influenced Dr. Jose Rizal.

  1. Discuss the challenges in the Philippines that might have influenced Dr. Jose Rizal.

Under the Spanish colonization, the Filipinos were unfortunate victims of an unjust, bigoted, and deteriorating colonial power. The instability of the Spanish administration; corruption of the officials; human rights denied to Filipinos; absence of equality before the law; and the racial discrimination were some of the challenges faced by the Philippines during the 19th^ century that might have influenced Dr. Jose Rizal.

  1. Discus the economic, political and cultural developments in the 19th century Philippines according to John Schumacher. Economic Developments The growth of an export economy brought increasing prosperity to the Filipino middle and upper classes. Machinery and consumer goods were also brought which the industrialized economies of the West could supply, and that Spain could not. The exports of Philippine agricultural products and the rapid growth of population increased the amounts of rice needed. This brought more profit to rice-, sugar-, and abaca-growing lands in some parts of the country. Political Developments The instability of the Spanish government made it possible to develop any consistent policy for the overseas colonies. The corruption of the government brought inability to provide for basic needs of public works, schools, peace and order, and other prerequisites to even a semi-modern economy. The Guardia Civil developed into an oppressive force, harassing farmers and using their position for personal profit. Cultural Developments As a consequence of the rapid spread of education, cultural developments emerged. The spread of higher education among middle and lower class Filipinos who could not afford to go abroad became more important for propagating the liberal and progressive ideas. The foundation of a limited but substantial number of Filipinos in all parts of the country who could not communicate in Spanish made possible for the first time in history a movement that was both regional and national in scope.
  2. Why is Rizal often called "the first Filipino" according to Reynaldo Ileto?

Rizal is often called "the first Filipino" because he figures the rise to dominance of the social and educated class, whose Europeanized scions became the nucleus around which a modern nation could crystallize.

  1. Identify and discuss important ideas about Rizal and the 19th century Philippines in Reynaldo Ileto's Rizal and the Underside of Philippine history.

In 1890 Jose Rizal, provided in his annotations to a seventeenth century Spanish text scholarly legitimization for the view that, with the Spanish rule, people forgot about their origin