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CHAPTER III
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
This chapter explains the method of investigation which consists of research design, subject of the study, data collection, and data analysis.
3.1 Research Design In this study, the researcher used descriptive qualitative research design because he wanted to investigate some phenomenon in its natural setting. More specifically, this study was intended to desribe the problems faced by Mechanical Engineering students in learning ESP Speaking, the causes of the problems faced by the Mechanical Engineering students in learning ESP Speaking, and the ways Mechanical Engineering students solve their problems in learning ESP Speaking at University of Muhammadiyah Malang. This research design was choosen because, based on Ary (20 10 : 426 ), qualitative research is designed to gain the data in the form of words about the subject`s experiences and percpectives and without predetermined hypotesis.
3.2 S ubjects of the S tudy In this study, the subjects of this study were Mechanical Engineering Department students who have been studying ESP Speaking at University of Muhammadiyah Malang. In selecting Mechanical Engineering Department students as the research subjects, the researcher used sampling technique. Creswell (2012) stated, “In qualitative research, we identify our participants and sites on purposeful sampling, based on places and people that can best help us
understand our central phenomenon”. In particular research situations, there is tendency for the researcher not to know the subject that has the best quality and is able to provide qualified information. Therefore, to obtain information on the subject, researchers used snowball sampling.
According to Creswell (2012:209), snowball sampling is a term of purposeful sampling that often proceeds after a study begins and occurs when the researcher asks participant to recommend other person to be sampled. Informal conversation could be done by the researcher in the interview and may pose the question.
The researcher selected Mechanical Engineering Department students who have problems in learning ESP Speaking by using snowball sampling. Therefore, the researcher began to gather information and investigate their problems, the causes of the problems, and the ways the Mechanical Engineering students solved their problems in learning ESP Speaking at University of Muhammadiyah Malang.
3.3 Data Collection To collect the data about the difficulties faced by Mechanical Engineering students in learning ESP Speaking at University of Muhammadiyah Malang, the researcher used some techniques and instruments. Those of all will be explained bellow:
In this study, the researcher used non-participant observation because the best way to capture the validity result is by not giving any interruption during the interview section at the ESP Speaking class, rather just sat on the sidelines, and recorded everything that was happening. In addition, the researcher used Observation checklist as the instrument of data collection
2. Interview According to Ary (20 10 :438), interview is used to gather the data from informen about their opinions, beliefs, and feelings about situations in their own words. It is also used to get additional information that cannot be obtained through observation. Frankael (2009) stated, “There are four types of interview to gather the data from the participants; structured interview, semi structured interview, informal interview, and retrospective. 1. Structured interview takes a concern in gaining information from the subjects with a series of questions. In qualitative research, the questions are generally more limited in length but the answers cannot be given in the form of yes or no. The subjects should give a deeper explanation. 2. Semi structured interview is an interview in which the area of interest is chosen, and questions are formulated but the interviewer may modify the format of the question during the interview section. 3. Informal interview is less formal than structured or semi-structured interview. In informal interview, the researcher tends to resemble casual conversation, pursuing the interest of both researcher and respondent in turn. This interview does not plan the detail of time and any specific type of
question, because the researcher asks the question when the opportunity arise, and used the answer of subjects to decide the upcoming question.
- Retrospective interview is an interview which is intended to get the respondent to recall and reconstruct the last memory. The purpose of this interview is to get a past period data that are needed in current condition. The interview used in this study was semi structured interview. It was used by the researcher to interview the students in order to get information about their opinions, beliefs, and feelings related to the research problems. The other instument that was used in this study was interview guide. It was used to get additional information from the students about their opinions, beliefs, or feelings related to the reasearch problems that couldn`t be obtained from the observation.
3.3. 3 Steps in Collecting the Data The data of this study were collected by using the following procedures: There were several steps to collect the data:
- Asking permission for having observation at ESP Speaking class;
- Discussing with the advisor about the schedule of interview section;
- Attending ESP Speaking class especially during interview section;
- Interviewing some Mechanical Engineering students in order to re-check the data obtained during the observation;
- Recording and taking some notes during the interview.
