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Understanding the Role of Glycolytic Intermediates and Enzymes in ATP Production, Study notes of Biochemistry

The objectives of chapters 14 and 15 in chem 4202 at clayton state university, focusing on the definition of key terms related to metabolism, glycolysis, and the role of various enzymes and intermediates in atp production. Students are expected to learn where glycolysis occurs, draw the glycolysis pathway, determine the number of atp moles produced, follow isotopically labeled carbon, write balanced chemical equations, explain pyruvate fate, identify regulatory enzymes, understand phosphoryl group functions, describe glycogen breakdown, and discuss the regulation of gluconeogenesis and glycolysis by glucagon.

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Uploaded on 08/04/2009

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Dr. Susan F. Hornbuckle
Clayton State University
CHEM 4202
Chapter 14 and 15 Objectives
1. Be able to define: metabolism, anabolism, catabolism, glycolysis, pay-off phase,
preparatory phase, and metabolites.
2. Know where in the cell that glycolysis occurs.
3. Be able to draw the glycolysis pathway including the structures of all the glycolytic
intermediates and the names of all the enzymes, coenzymes, reactants and product
involved in the pathway.
4. Be able to determine the number of moles of ATP produced by the glycolysis
pathway under aerobic conditions starting with 1 mole of glucose or at any other
point in the pathway in a liver, kidney, heart, brain, or skeletal muscle cell.
5. Be able to follow an isotopically labeled carbon in glucose through the glycolysis
pathway.
6. Be able to write the overall balanced chemical equation for glycolysis under aerobic
conditions, anaerobic conditions, and fermentation conditions.
7. Be able to explain the fate of pyruvate under aerobic, anaerobic, and fermentation
conditions (including chemical equations).
8. Be able to explain the purpose of the formation of lactate under anaerobic conditions.
9. Be able to identify the regulatory enzymes in the glycolysis pathway and list their
inhibitors and activators.
10. Be able to explain the three important functions of the phosphoryl groups of the nine
phosphorylated intermediates in the glycolytic intermediates.
11. Be able to explain the concept of channeling. Give three example of channeling in
the catabolism of glucose.
12. Be able to describe the break down of glycogen (via glycogen phosphorylase and
debranching enzyme). At what point does the product of this pathway enter into
glycolysis?
13. Be able to describe the simultaneous regulation of the gluconeogenesis pathway and
the glycolysis pathway at enzymes PFK-1 and FBPase-1. How does the hormone
glucagon effect the regulation of these pathways?
14. Be able to explain the different reactions catalyzed by PFK-1 and PFK-2.
15. Know which catabolic step is shut down if a person has a Vitamin B1 deficiency.
What is the name of this medical condition?

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Dr. Susan F. Hornbuckle Clayton State University CHEM 4202 Chapter 14 and 15 Objectives

  1. Be able to define: metabolism, anabolism, catabolism, glycolysis, pay-off phase, preparatory phase, and metabolites.
  2. Know where in the cell that glycolysis occurs.
  3. Be able to draw the glycolysis pathway including the structures of all the glycolytic intermediates and the names of all the enzymes, coenzymes, reactants and product involved in the pathway.
  4. Be able to determine the number of moles of ATP produced by the glycolysis pathway under aerobic conditions starting with 1 mole of glucose or at any other point in the pathway in a liver, kidney, heart, brain, or skeletal muscle cell.
  5. Be able to follow an isotopically labeled carbon in glucose through the glycolysis pathway.
  6. Be able to write the overall balanced chemical equation for glycolysis under aerobic conditions, anaerobic conditions, and fermentation conditions.
  7. Be able to explain the fate of pyruvate under aerobic, anaerobic, and fermentation conditions (including chemical equations).
  8. Be able to explain the purpose of the formation of lactate under anaerobic conditions.
  9. Be able to identify the regulatory enzymes in the glycolysis pathway and list their inhibitors and activators.
  10. Be able to explain the three important functions of the phosphoryl groups of the nine phosphorylated intermediates in the glycolytic intermediates.
  11. Be able to explain the concept of channeling. Give three example of channeling in the catabolism of glucose.
  12. Be able to describe the break down of glycogen (via glycogen phosphorylase and debranching enzyme). At what point does the product of this pathway enter into glycolysis?
  13. Be able to describe the simultaneous regulation of the gluconeogenesis pathway and the glycolysis pathway at enzymes PFK-1 and FBPase-1. How does the hormone glucagon effect the regulation of these pathways?
  14. Be able to explain the different reactions catalyzed by PFK-1 and PFK-2.
  15. Know which catabolic step is shut down if a person has a Vitamin B 1 deficiency. What is the name of this medical condition?