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Guidelines for spelling Hungarian geographical names, including rules for long consonants, capitalization, hyphenation, and the use of minority language names. It also includes information on the registration and maintenance of standardized geographical names.
Typology: Schemes and Mind Maps
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Seventeenth Session of the United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names New York, 13-24 June, 1994 Item 14 of the Provisional Agenda
Toponymic Guidelines for Map and other Editors Hungary
Paper submitted by Hungary*
&Prepared (^) bY Ervin -...b Olcll,^.. Chairman, Hungarian Committee on ~-ya:q: e,::,hi ~:a] r.jat!ip:T
Updated March 1994
Hungarian is the only natiorrwide official language. Minority languages have only local importance, but minority toponyms are shown on topographic maps (see under item 5, Minority
vowels, and character combinations for consonantsas against the original Roman alphabet.
The alphabet is given here showing the sound represented by each character or combination of characters with the help of the IPA phonetic alphabet.
;;; 36. zz (^) A
12.Hh (^) [hl 25. Rr (^) bl
Other letters considered as obsolete, occw in traditional family names, and in very few cases, in place names
GW
th (^) Pw
l
Top~nymic &II delines for Hungq 4 I
d) Geographical names consisting of two or more words (elements) are written seperated in case of
e) Geographical names are sometimes combined of the types described in the previous pmhs, eg. LW-aftikai K&tcAzs&, J&zseefhegyilit, etc.
Hungarian dialects represent no significant differences as compared to each other or to the standard language. Six so called dialect types are represented inside Hungary: W&tern, Tramdanubian, S&them, Tizai (the central part ofthe Lowland), Put& (part of North West), and &%A Eastern.
There are two rules followed in using dialect geographical names. According to the first one, dialect forms are preserved also in the standardized geographical names, This applies to dialect words unknown to, or known with different meaning in the standard language, as well as in the case of dialect forms representing a rather strong and unusual deviation^ as compared to the standard lar~~guage.Sporadic dialect phenomena not c;haracteristic to-the area of the dialect type are ;.! ,! .i.:..-.r.r;e<j,
Toponymi c Guidelines for Hungary 5
On the other hand, in applying the second rule, dialect geographical names are modified according to the standard language. This method is applied in caseswhere the dialect forms reflect a widely known general trend, and they are characteristic to agiven area
According to 9. 61, Law LXXVIU1993. on the right of nationalities and ethnic minorities, the following minorities are acknowledged in Hungary: Armenian, Bulgarian, Croatian, German, Gipsy, Greek, Polish, Romanian, Ruthenian, Serbian, Slovak, Slovene, and Ukrainian. Though no recent research has been made on the impact of minority languages on geographical names, it can be still stated that only Croatian, German, and Slovak may appear in a considerable number on detailed topographic maps.
As to the use of minority languages,the introductory text of the Law cited above, contains the following statement:‘The language, material and intellectual culture, historical traditions as well as other characteristics of minorities living on the territory of the Republic of Hungary, and having Hungarian citizenship, are parts of their individual as well as their common self-identity. All these are of special worth, their preservation, care-taking, and enrichment is not only the fimdemental right of the national and ethnic minorities, but it is also the interest of the Hungarian nation,and ultimately of all states,ofthe community ofnations.” Another item, $j53 ofthe same Law gives the following tule: ‘The local government, according to the requirements of the local minority representative body acting in the area under the competency of that government, must ensure that ... c) names of cities, towns, and villages on sign-posts, names on street-plates: names of institutions as well as statementson their activities on tables showing offices that provide public services, should be read also in the mother tongue of the minority, beside the Hungarian text, with the same content, and in the same form.” A more detailed regulation can be found in 9 6 ofthe Order 7111989. (modified by the 1911992 Govemment Order): ‘I..,(4) A minority language name can also be established based on the Nles given in the previous point (1). A minority language name for features belonging to point a), and d) to h), $3, can be established parallel with the Hungarian name.” This means that in case of names of the the relief and regions, names of nature reserves, names of the trnnsport and com- munication. names of built-up areas of cities and communes, names of outskirt settlements,and street names only parallel minority language names can be applied. In all other types of geographi- cal names a single minority l-age name can be given as an of&id name. It should be noted that administrative names are decided upon seperate orders, which do not mention the possibility of single official minority language names. However, minority names of cities, towns, and villages can be found on signposts all over country (see the above citation from $53, Law LXXvIU993).
Minority language geographical names appear on the present topographical and other large scale maps, written in the Hungarian alphabet. Preparations have been made to change minority geo- graphical names into the respective orthography. Difficulties arise from the fact, that some minorities use the names in a dialect form, wttile in most cases, standard forms are required.
Toponymic Guidelines for Hungq 7
Topographic maps: Scale 1 : 10 000 Scale 1 : 25 000 Scale 1 : 100 000
Geographical names shown on these maps are not necessarily standardized forms. They can be ordered from the Institute for Surveying and Remote Sensing. See address above.
A Magyar N6pkUtarsas& helys@?vtara (Gazetteer of Inhabited Places of the Hungarian People’s Republic) 1985. Statisztikai Kiad6 Wlalat Budapest, 1985. Contains the names of communes towns, cities as well as smaller inhabited places with population, area and other data as of 1980. As to names inside cities, towns and communes, this is the most recent source available at present.
A Magyar K&tars&g helysCgn6vk6nyve 1993. januar 1. (Gazetteer of counties, cities, towns and communes of the Republic of Hungary). Kiizponti Statisztikai HivataI. Budapest, 1993. Contains only the names of cities, towns, and villages as well as recent changesas of the given date, without any statistical data
Both publications can be ordered fi-om: KSH N6psz&nliWis H-1518 Budapest POB 163
Magyarorsz& F6ldrajzin&v&a L Fontosabb dombotzati, taj- ts viznevek (Gazetteer of Hungary L The More Important Names of the Relief, Regions and Hydrography j. Kartografiai Wlalat. Budapest, 1983. Contains more than 700 standardized geographical. names as given in the title. It has a 1 : 500 000 scale map’supplement.
Magyaror& FWrajzin6v-t&a IL (Gazetteer of Hungaty II). Kattografiai V~llalat. Budapest, 1978-1981. Map supplement: 1 : 150 000. This is a series of county gazetteers in 19 vohxmes with the title as given above and the county name (below) added. Four volumes appeared in 1978: Gyiir-Sopron megye (new name: GyBr-Meson-Sopron megye) Vas megye Veszpt+m megye Zala megye seven volumes in 1979: Somom megye Baranyamegye T&ta megye
Toponymic Guidelines for Hungary 8
Fej& megye Komtiom megye (new name: Komltom-Esztergom megye) Pest megye. Budapest Csongr&d megye six vohunes in 1980: B&~+Kiskun megye N&rfid megye Heves megye Borsod-Ab&j-Zempl6n megye Szolnok megye (new name: J&z-Nagykun-Szolnok megye) Bek6s megye and two volumes in 1981: HajdG-Bihar megye Szabolcs-Szatmk megye (new name: Szabolcs-Szatmh-Bereg megye)
Toponymi c Ci delines for Hungary 10
fej fekete fels felszeg Elsziget felvtg felvidek fmnsik fok folyi, for&i f Eicsatoma fild
MYa 1. bare or naked top of a mountain or hill;^ 2. clearing or opening in a^ forest or
wep
h&g hWs hala. halom haraszt hjr h&&s hiits hWa) hew hegyes hegyalja hegysbg hegytetd hely hid holtzig homok hosszli
irth iskola itati,
wood
grass, lawn
(mountain) pass place where grazing animals spend the night fishpond hill, hillock, knoll, mound brushwood, undergrowth
peak, top of a mountain or hill foot of a mountain or hill (mountain) range = tet place, ground, site bridge dead channel, ox-bow lake, stagnantwater, cut-off arm of a river or creek sand long
clearing, cutting down, deforestation school watering placa. place where grazing animals are watered
.
Toponymi c Guidelines for Hungary 11
j*
kany= kt$polna kapu
kastely kastib kereszt kert kenllet kiltit kis k kiifejto kiirnytk k6z kWphegyseg k(lzep(s6) k&s&g kunyhii kilt kids ktilteriilet
lakdtelep 1jP me lapos 1egelB lejt liget
m;lg= major m;U malom medence mewe megyei vkos mellek mdly me mocs&
bend, curve, elbow chapel gate sheep-fold, stock-yard manor-house, residence hayfield, meadow crucifix, crosswise garden
building estate,residential quarter moor, marsh, bog flat, lowland, level flat (adj.), even Pasture slope, gradient, dip grove, pd
hole, cave, cavern
high, tall farm, farmstead, a group of farm buildings adret, sonthem or western slope of a hill mill basin county, a first order administrative unit city with county rights I. environs, sutroundiags, region; 2. subsidiary, side- deep, low, hollow field; meadow swrtmp, marsh
Toponymic Guidelines for Hungary 13
tibia 1. field, patch, plot, strip; 2. large cultivated field
w = t&la tajvedefmi k&izetnatural reserve district, a natural reserve of local importance tanya
t&skSzseg telek
telep teleptilts teleptll6srW temetb ter tetd tb, tavak
&i tit utca
vi#r Mew v&OS v4roskWnyek
*OS&Z v&rom vasMllomb
detached farm(stead), a small detached settlement in the fields of a village or town consisting of a residential and one or more farm building associate commune, a commune without local council [obsolete]
new road street
castle
zhtkert
state
ziitony w
an obsolete designation and former legal entity: a part of the area outside of the inhabited centre of a commune or town, cultivated in small strips by individual fanners as opposed to other lands cultivated (previously) by cooperatives or
farms sandbank, shallow corner, rook
Toponymic Guidelines for Hungary 14
Thls list includes abbreviations appearing on Hungarian maps as well as designations given in.& Gazetteer ofHungary, and included in the Data Base FNT.
A, A.-
:.
2-G.
4s Ak.., ak. All., 811. Art. Am. (a.) /id-. AU.
l.agyag; 2.aszfalt Also alja Brok ablak julami Gasdas&g alagilt akna 6llami at&i kilt &&nyviz 4llattenyCsztes tieldhely Ausztria
-b. B& M. Bg.. bg. Bi. B.-K M B. M Bny., bny. B.-A.-Z M.
t-w it&?. btr
-cs.. cs Cs. M. -csaf., csat Csd. cskny. Csr., -csr. CS!Zf!S. Csill. cssz
beton Balaton- b&c BCkCsmegye barlang bitumen B6csXiskun megye Baranya megye battya Borsod-Abtij-Zemplen meme Budapest, budapesti baromfitenyeszles baromfitelep belterlileti teiepWsr6sz
cisztema
csflcs Csongrad megye csatoma csbnak csWamyh c&da csatoma6rhaz csill@sZati Csehsziovakia
concrete (road surface) [partofa name]
ban= [n= poultry-farming poultry-farm a designation: named part of a commune, town etc. in the built up area
cistern, water tank
peak, summit @==I CZUld boat watch hut way-side inn watch housefor canals as*onomical [name, now obsolete]
Toponyrrdc Guidelines for Hw 16
G-w.,-0. Gyem. Gy.-S. M. t--w
H. -h, h
Hid. wu Hang. H.-B. M, Hemii.
-hg., hs Hgazd. Hgl. Hip. FW Hl. -hh H. M. Hop. HP Hiit.
Id. ht. WJ isk ht.
J.,j. J&-Y. JH Jh.
:‘.:,A. ;
gabonatArolb gabonatexmelCs ghtiirhhz g=i=& gomb geologia gepipari gepjavltb tilomfis g6pkocsijavit gdzlb
gyermekotthon Gy&-Sopron megye gyiimlk3termesztis
homok
haj&llomris haltenyCszet hangk Hajdii-Bihar megye hbertimfi helyierdehi vas& hews& halgazdas&g hidroglhisz helyiipari tSzem hizlal~ harangls halom Heves megye hatLoszlop hkomsz6gelesi pont hfitdtorony
idBszakos in&et ipari n&&yterme.sztes iskola isti
j& j&tv&nyk&hAz j&6.6 hivatal jAr&i hivatal Cpiilete
l3-= granary, elevator grain-farming dike-reeve’s house farm, farmstead ball (on top of church towers) geology machine-industry machine repair station (in agriculture) car repairs ford, shallows
factory orphanage [name, now: Gydr-Moson-Sopron megye) hit-f&m ing
sand as a designation: hill with a height above 400 m ship Iandii place fish-breeding has* [n=W power station suburban railway (mountain) range fish-breeding spherical water-tower local industries workshop fattening belfry, campanile hill, hillock, knoll, mound
border sign-post trigonometric point cooler-tower
periodical institute plant-farming for industrial purposes school stable
district, an obsolete administrative Uiiif contagious hospital district ofice [obsolete] district ofice building [obsolete]
Toponymi c Gti delines for Hungary 17
K K. K., -k K.- ,.
k K&p*, -kip. Km. Km.., -kcs, Ke. Pi. Kes. 1 Y emp.
Kfi Kh.. A-11. KKT K. M. Knz Kny., -hy. KQ. Kid., 4-d. KoU Kop. Kddl. lid
I; Kl3. K&p. Kp.- KS.,-ks. KSS. KT Kt., 4-t. ktr
Kuint.
L. Gg. Lev.
fiy L&I.
M., .m .,I
kelet(i) I.@ 2. kavics l.ki$ Kis- ,."....C- kbzept, k8zeps6 resze ki4pofna
kocsma keramit k&n&y kesefi kemping kGfejt kulturh~ kil6titb Kiks&i Kozos TanAcs KomSrom megye konzerv irrmvh komp kolostor kollegium k6oszlop korhirz k6zlekedesi letesitmeny
kockak kikat k&pont(i) Kbzep- kaste1y keserGs6s k&s&i ta&s kereszt killtetileti telepiilCsr6sz
kutat6intezet
ladik&tkeliihely szeWz6 akna ievegii lesz5ll6hely Ioteny&tts I&&
east(em)
crossing by malt barge ventilation-shatl air landing ground horse breeding shooting-ground
mill
Toponyrnic Guidelines for Hungary 19
P.
P. M. -P=-
Pu., -p.
R.
iii&-&R Rkt Rd. ROM.
. (^) s
Sa &V. si. siu. s. u sp., -sp. St. (St.) 2P.
Sz-Sz M. sz, -St. ad. isam., -szan. ~ses?Jf sp., -szt. szi X?tv. SZ M. asi, -s?b. s?oc. 0. SibV. SR. SZU.
-t. Tang. Tati. Tcsh. te
parkolb Patak posta- 6s t&&b hivatal Pest megye Pus&
Z6hllO!IlhS repIlldt6r
rakod Romtia
sir S&k sa=M si siugrt5s&lc Somogy megye woWWa stadion, spotttelep sentsteny~saCs seH&elep
Szabolcs-Szatmk megye sziget szArit szanat6rillm szesb”oz S2bhii.Z szikla szivattyit Szolnok megye stil6; sz&lloda szociiI.lisotthon WhWke2et smlt Szovjetunib
termtskd Tisza- teteje 4etB tangazdasAg tart&ly tan&cshAz teelet
car-park brook, creek, stream post and telegraph office b=N
nCn transmitter airpOrt storehouse loading platform Romania
grave, tomb Slag sour (water) silo ski jump b- sports ground sports stadium pigAming pig farm
[name, now: Szabolcs-SzatnAr-Bereg megye] island drier sanatorium, health resort distillery theatre rock, cliff pump [name, now: J&z-Nagykun-Szolnok megye] hotel old people’s home cooperative Saint lpart of a name] Soviet Union [obsolete]
ragged stone [part of a name] the top of something summit, peak of a mountain or hill model farm (for educational purposes) tank, reservoir council building [obsolete] a designation: different kinds of area1features (Z,F. .!f:;‘:‘;,*.__... “-..-^ .. v..:’ ..;&I
Toponymic Guidelines for Hunga~ 20
gi.) Temp. Tex.
7x-h T. M. -my.
T& -tp. Tr., -0. Trh Tsz, -rsz Tt. n Ttrd. Tub Tl2.Z TV
t? vi vriil.. will. viiMl2. vb. Ve. VIZ. M. VemL Vl;;. Vgh -vgy. Vi Vii. Vk!!. I -.
tCgMget tehentszet temp1om textil teghigyizt see TVK teli kikot Tolna megye tsrtrja
tiizegfejtii telep tir6, t6rna transzfolm~orh~ termeliisz6vetkezet termtnytfol tenntszeMdelmi terillet tudomanyos turistahk tiMgyel6 torony televizio tAjv&lelmi k&zet
termtszetvedelmi teriilet
uszoda URH r&dibtilomAs ilt&hilz
iizem tizemanyag UdDlii tizemegystg
viztartay vasfitalloluas vZWlr\t Aruhivatal vasbeton vizeses Vesiqxem megye ViZCdhlU vendt$fogadb vC@hfd VGIgy villAmhkit vizenyiis viz1tpcsii v, ;rm& .-
brick-kiln cow-house church textile. brick-yard
winter harbour WW detached farm(stead), a small detached settlement in the fields of a village ortown consisting of a residential and Oneor more farm building peat-digging
swimming-pool Fh4 transmitter road-master’s house . factory, workshop fuel rest house a specialized unit of a large fatm or factory
water tank railway station enterprise, company custom-house ferro-concrete waterfall @meI hy&WieGtIiC power station ’ hostel slaughter-house valley lightning-rod damp, swampy dam \1::~~~::!~:?11:‘:
